Nhoroondo yepurasitiki inosanganiswa zvinhu
Kana zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvakasiyana zvabatanidzwa, mhedzisiro yacho inoumbwa zvinhu.Kushandiswa kwekutanga kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa zvakatanga muna 1500 BC, apo vaIjipita vekutanga nevagari vekuMesopotamia vakasanganisa madhaka nemashanga kuti vagadzire zvivakwa zvakasimba uye zvakasimba.Huswa hunoenderera mberi nekupa kusimbaradza kwezvigadzirwa zvekare zvakaumbwa zvinosanganisira zvehari uye ngarava.
Gare gare, muna 1200 AD, maMongolia akagadzira uta hwekutanga hwakasanganiswa.
Kushandisa kusanganiswa kwehuni, mapfupa uye "glue yemhuka", uta hunoputirwa mubirch bark.Uta uhu hune simba uye hwakarurama.Mushonga weMongolia wakabatsira kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kwemauto kwaGenghis Khan.
Kuberekwa kwe "Plastiki Era"
Masayendisiti paakagadzira mapurasitiki, nguva yemazuva ano yezvinhu zvakaumbwa yakatanga.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, masaramusi emusikirwo aitorwa mumiti nemhuka ndiwo chete aibva kunama uye zvinonamira.Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, mapurasitiki akadai sevinyl, polystyrene, phenolic uye polyester akagadzirwa.Izvi zvitsva zvekugadzira zvinhu zvakakwirira pane imwechete resin inotorwa kubva kune zvakasikwa.
Nekudaro, mapurasitiki ega haakwanise kupa simba rakakwana kune mamwe maitiro ekushandisa.Kusimbisa kunodiwa kuti upe humwe simba uye kusimba.
Muna 1935, Owens Corning (Owens Corning) akaunza yekutanga girazi fiber, girazi fiber.Iko kusanganiswa kwegirazi fiber uye epurasitiki polymer inoburitsa chimiro chakasimba icho zvakare chakareruka.
Uku ndiko kutanga kweiyo fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) indasitiri.
Hondo Yenyika II-Kukurudzira hunyanzvi mune zvakaumbwa zvinhu
Mazhinji ekufambira mberi kukuru muzvinhu zvakaumbwa mhedzisiro yezvido zvenguva yehondo.Sezvakangoita maMongolia akagadzira uta hwakasanganiswa, Hondo Yenyika II yakaunza indasitiri yeFRP kubva murabhoritari kuenda kukugadzirwa chaiko.
Kushandiswa kwakareruka kwendege dzemauto kunoda zvimwe zvinhu.Mainjiniya vakakurumidza kuona mamwe mabhenefiti ezvakaumbwa zvinhu, kuwedzera kune kureruka uye kwakasimba.Semuenzaniso, zvakaonekwa kuti girazi fiber composite zvinhu zvaive pachena kune redhiyo frequencies, uye zvinhu zvakakurumidza kukodzera kuvharira emagetsi radar michina (Radomes).
Kuchinjira kune zvakaumbwa zvinhu: "space age" kune "mazuva ese"
Pakupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, iyo diki niche composites indasitiri yakanga ichitekeshera.Nekuderera kwekudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemauto, nhamba diki yevagadziri vezvinhu zvinosanganiswa vava kushanda kuunza zvinhu zvinosanganiswa mune mamwe misika.Ngarava chinhu chiri pachena chinobatsira.Yekutanga composite commercial hull yakatangwa muna 1946.
Panguva ino, Brandt Goldsworthy anowanzo kunzi "sekuru vemisanganiswa" uye akagadzira akawanda matsva ekugadzira maitiro uye zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira yekutanga fiberglass surfboard, iyo yakashandura mutambo.
Goldsworthy akagadzirawo nzira yekugadzira inonzi pultrusion, iyo inobvumira yakavimbika uye yakasimba girazi fiber reinforced zvigadzirwa.Nhasi, zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva mukuita uku zvinosanganisira matinji emanera, zvibatiso zvemidziyo, mapaipi, miseve shafts, nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo, pasi pechitima, uye zvekurapa.
Kuenderera mberi kufambira mberi mune zvakasanganiswa zvinhu
Indasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvakasanganiswa yakatanga kukura muma1970.Gadzira zvirinani epurasitiki resin uye yakagadziridzwa yekusimbisa fiber.Yakagadzira rudzi rwearamid fiber inonzi Kevlar, yave sarudzo yekutanga yezvombo zvemuviri nekuda kwesimba rayo rekusimba, kusimba kwepamusoro uye kureruka.Carbon fiber yakagadzirwawo panguva ino;iri kuwedzera kutsiva zvikamu zvakambogadzirwa nesimbi.
Iyo kompositi indasitiri ichiri kushanduka, uye kwakawanda kwekukura kunonyanya kuenderana nesimba rinogoneka.Mhepo turbine blades, kunyanya, ramba uchisundidzira saizi zvipingaidzo uye zvinoda zvemhando yepamusoro composite zvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-21-2021