Mabhegi epurasitiki zvinhu zvezuva nezuva izvo zvinoonekwa kwese kwese muhupenyu hwedu, saka ndiani akagadzira plastiki?Kwaive chaiko kuedza kwemutori wemifananidzo muimba yerima izvo zvakatungamira mukusikwa kwepurasitiki yekutanga.
Alexander Parks ane zvakawanda zvekuzvivaraidza, kutora mafoto ndechimwe chazvo.Muzana ramakore rechi 19, vanhu vakanga vasingakwanisi kutenga firimu nemakemikari akagadzirwa akagadzirwa sezvavanoita nhasi, uye kazhinji vaifanira kuzviitira zvavanoda ivo pachavo.Saka mutori wemifananidzo wese anofanirawo kunge ari kemisitiri.Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumifananidzo ndeye "collagen", iyo inogadziriswa ye "nitrocellulose", kureva, mhinduro ye nitrocellulose mudoro uye ether.Panguva yaishandiswa kunama kemikari isinganzwi chiedza kugirazi kuti iite zvakafanana nefirimu remazuva ano remifananidzo.Mumakore ekuma1850, Mapaki akatarisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekubata necollodion.Rimwe zuva akaedza kusanganisa collodion necamphor.Kukushamiswa kwake, kuvhenganiswa kwakaguma nechinhu chinopindika, chakaoma.Mapaki anonzi chinhu "Paxine," uye ndiro raive purasitiki rekutanga.Mapaki akagadzira marudzi ese ezvinhu kubva mu "Paxine": mizinga, zvinyoreso, mabhatani uye madhindi ezvishongo.Mapaki, zvisinei, akanga asina kunyanya kufunga nezvebhizimisi uye akarasikirwa nemari pamabhizimisi ake pachake.
Muzana remakore rechi20, vanhu vakatanga kuwana kushandiswa kutsva kwepurasitiki.Zvinenge zvese zviri mumba zvinogona kugadzirwa neimwe mhando yepurasitiki.Zvakasiiwa kune vamwe vakagadzira kuti vaenderere mberi nekuvandudza uye purofiti kubva kubasa reParks.John Wesley Hayat, mudhindi wokuNew York, akaona mukana wacho muna 1868, apo kambani yaiita mabhiriyoni emadhora yakanyunyuta nezvokushayikwa kwenyanga dzenzou.Hayat akavandudza maitiro ekugadzira uye akapa "Pakxin" zita idzva - "celluloid".Akawana musika wakagadzirira kubva kune vanogadzira mabhiridha, uye haina kutora nguva refu asati agadzira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa nepurasitiki.Mapurasitiki epakutanga aiwanzopisa, izvo zvakaderedza huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinogona kugadzirwa kubva mairi.Plastiki yekutanga yekubudirira kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya yaive "Berkelet".Leo Backlund akagamuchira patent muna 1909. Muna 1909, Baekeland muUnited States yakagadzira phenolic plastiki kekutanga.
Mumakore ekuma1930, naironi yakaunzwa zvakare, uye yainzi "fiber inoumbwa nemarasha, mhepo nemvura, yakatetepa kupfuura sirika yedandemutande, yakasimba kudarika simbi, uye iri nani kupfuura sirika".Kuonekwa kwavo kwakaisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana kubva ipapo.Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yepetrochemical muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, zvigadzirwa zvemapurasitiki zvakatsiva marasha nepetroleum, uye indasitiri yekugadzira mapurasitiki yakagadzirawo nekukurumidza.Purasitiki chinhu chakareruka kwazvo chinogona kupfaviswa nekuchipisa pakudziya kwakadzikira, uye chinogona kuumbwa kuita chero chaunoda.Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinopenya muvara, chiedza muhuremu, kwete kutya kudonha, hupfumi uye hunogara kwenguva refu.Kuuya kwaro hakungounzi kurerukirwa kwakawanda muhupenyu hwevanhu, asi kunokurudzira zvikuru kusimukira kweindasitiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-11-2022